The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.